F 139 

.Dze 

Copy 1 



THE 

GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY 



SUPPLEMENTABY TO 



DAVIS AND DEANE'S 



INDDCTIVE GEOGRAPHIES 



By 



MARY R. GALE DAVIS, Pd.M. 

NORMAL TRAINING TEACHER, INSTITUTE INSTRUCTOR, AND SPECIALIST 

IN PHYSIOGRAPHY 




SILVER, BURDETT AND COMPANY 

NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO 



THE 



GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY 



SUPPLEMENTARY TO 



DAVIS AND DEANES 



INDUCTIVE GEOGRAPHIES 



BY 



MAEY II. GALE DAVIS, I'dM. 

NORMAL TRAINING TEACHER. INSTITUTE INtiTRUCTOK, AND SPECIALIST 

IN PHYSIOGRAPHY 



M^ 




SJ 



VJ 



S 1 L \ E R . B IT R D E T T AND C O ]M P A N Y 

NEW YORK BOSTON CHICAGO 



LIBRARY ot GONiiHtbsl 


7wo Copies 


Keceivea 


DEC 27 


1904 


Cooyriijiit 


tntry 


^A'W. v>. 


1 i </<^ 


cuss A 


XXc Noi 


too 7 V y 

COPY B. 






COPYRIGHT, 1904. BY 
Sn>VER, BURDETT A.ND COMPANY 




70 ay' Un^-StuJv «islfruiB Urttt-wlch 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY. 



Na.me. — New Jersey is iiaiiu'd for tlie 
Island of Jersey, \\ liieli is located in the 
Kiiu'lisli Cliamiel, between England and 
France. It was so named in lioiioi- of 
an EnglisLman, Sir George Carteret, w lio 
was at one time o;overuor of this island. 
He became one of the early [ii'opiietai'\' 
lords of New Jersey. This was about 
two hundi'ed and tift\' veai's ago. 

Location. — 
In what part of 
the United 
States is the 
State of New 
.lei'sey located 'i 
To which group 
of States does it 
Ijclong' ? 

Size. — About 
h o w m a n y 
square miles is 
the area of New 
Jersey ? (See 
page 23.) Com- 
pare tlie size of 
New Jersej' witli 
til at of New 
York, Pennsyl- 
vania, Illinois, California and Texas. 

Boundary. — Point out New Jer.sey on the niaj) 
of the United States and trace its l)oundary. 
What States bound New Jersey ? By what body 
of water is the greater part of New .Tersey 
liounded on the east? What I'iver is on the 
northeast between New Jersey and New York ? 
What river is on the western and southwestevTi 
boundary ? What bay is on the south ? Trace 
the lioundary line through this river and bay. 




Vn-,\\ loWAKI-l lilJ.AW MIK WATlCl: 



Find New York Bay, Newark Bay, Raritan 
Bay, Staten Island, wliich belongs to New Y^ork, 
and Long Island. Trace the boundary line 
between New York and New Jersey through the 
Hudson River, New York Bay, Staten Island 
Sound and Raritan Bay. 

Find Barnegat Bay. Through what inlet 
would you sail from the Atlantic Ocean into Bar- 
negat Bay !* Locate Barnegat Light. Why do 
you think the light is located here ? Locate Great 
Bay. What other bays, inlets or .sounds can 
you hnd on the New Jersey coast ? What otliei' 
lights? 

Tivice in the air th<- shape of New Jer.sey. 

Draw its outline 
and (irint tiie 
names of its 
bou n d a r ie s . 
Name and lo- 
cate on this map 
the principal in- 
dentations and 
projections on 
1 1 1 (■ coast. 

SUKFACE AND 

Drainage. — To 
what great sur- 
face slope does 
New Jersey be- 
long ? What 
great body of 
water finally re- 
ceives all the 
Fi'om the I'elief map of 
])art consi.sts of high. 



.\1.\> I .NKA I iU M\, N. .1 



drainage of New Jersey 
New Jersey tell whicl 
uneven land ; which of lowland. 

Trace the shortest route fi'on\ the Raritan Bay to 
Trenton on the Delaware River. This line marks 
a division between northern or liighland New 
Jersey and southern or lo\ylan<l New Jersey. 

Ilif/ItlanJs. — To what great mountain system do 
tlie highlands of New Jersey belong ! Whicli 
range of this system extends into New Jersey 



SCALE or MILES 
OS IC iS 




RELIEF MAP OF 

NEW JERSEY 



TiiK (;EO(;i;AriiY of new jeksey. 



and by what name is it known? (Relief map, are the facts ^\]lit•^l liow tell us ui the 

p. 4.) Find in tliis range the Delaware Water . , , . , i i • 

Gap. Note that at this point the Delaware River former ice-sheet Asiuch covered this sec- 

crosses or cuts the mountain range. Find and tion of New Jersey, 
locate Hig-li Knob, the highest peak of this range 

in New Jer.sey. Trace, name and locate any Lowlands.— Trace the boundaries of the 
other mountain ranges or peaks belonging to Atlantic Coastal Plain northward from the South- 
highland New Jersey. Point out and trace em Agricultural States. Observe that this plain 
the Piedmont Plateau in New Jersey. Tell is narrowed by the Piedmont as it approaches 
its direction from the Appalachians. Tell in New York Bay. AVhich part of New Jer.sey be- 
what direction it 
extends. Trace the 



highlands of New 
Jersey from Penn- 
sylvania into the 
State of New Yorlc 
and across the 
Hudson River at 
the Palisades into 
New England. Ob- 
serve that nortli- 
eastward from 
New York Bay 
the Piedmont ex- 
tends nearly to the 
coast. 

During the 

ijlacial period, 
\\\\i\i is wow 
northern New 




Tiiioi:!'; ai;k ma.nv v\sv. niiivKs Tiiuoi (ui the riMis on the 

COAST.\L I'I..\1.NS. 



longs to this plain ? 

Nearly one- 
third (if the 
area of the 
roasfal plain 
in New Jersey 
is veiy low, it 
being less than 
50 feet above 
sea-level. The 
lowest portion 
consists of the - 
tidal marshes 
which border 
the coast. 



Jersey was Ijuried under the southern A small poi-tiou of the plain reaches 

border of a great ice sheet or glacier, a height of about 400 feet in a 

^vhich covered the northern part of the range of elevations or hills stretching 

United States and North America to in a northeast southwest direction be- 

the Arctic Ocean. tween the Navesink Highlands on the 

The ice of this glacier Avore out and coast near Sandy Hook, to Moiuit Holly, 

frround down the mountains and gouged The greater i)art of the plain is about 

out the valleys. x\s it melted, it left 200 feet above sea-level, 

soil, sand, t'-ravel and other glacial mate- The entire plain was long, long ago 

rial which changed and modified the uplifted from under the sea to a nuich 

rugged surface of the land. higher level than it has at piesent. 

Sandy plains, sand-hills, bowlder- Since the uplift it has lowered until 

strewn land and many lakes and ponds portions of land near the coast ai'e 



r, THE UEOGlLVrilV OF .NEW JEIISEY. 

\lro\viiec1, and tlie sea has set Lack into the reef wliicli borders the coast of New 

tlie land foi'niiug New Yoi'k, Kari- Jersey. Observe also that the larger 

tan and Delaware bays, and other in- inlets ai-e at the mouths of rivers. The 

dentations in the coast. These bays, cond)ined force of the river current from 

thus foiMued, are among the best harljors 'w itliiu and the wave currents from with- 

on the eastern coast of North America out serve to break and to keep open the 

— New Yoi'k and Delaware bays being sandy reef at these points. 

navigable for the largest vessels in the The lagoons ai'e l)eing slt)wly iilled 

woi'ld. n[i by the material Avhich tlu- rivers 

HI X, ,,• 4- L! 1 Tj 1 1 • +1 carrv to them, and b\- the continuous 

Trace the outiino ot Samly Hook, and give the '"''.> m^ , . 

reason for its name. sliil'tim;- and drifting of the saud by the 

Q ; , ^- 1 • ^ +1 If \\\\n] and ^vaA■es. 
(>(///(/ /^(^/-.v or /'rtT^' skirt tlie coast trom 

,, , ,T 1 , i. 1 T> , After a, time tlie drifting' sand is held 

handy llook to Delaware bay, except ^ ' 

,, " 1 , 1- , 1 , " T.r ill phice bv the roots of a coarse grass 

toi' a sliort distance lietween Mon- ' ' _ 

, ,, , T T., ,,^■, that or,,\vs in it. Then nnirshes are 
nioutn beacli and .Maiias(|Uaii. ( 1 oiiit 

^ i- 1 1 j^:....ii., ....i;j 1 1 T,, +1,;.. 



out these })laces. ) These l>a!s form a 



formed and tinallv solid land. In this 



, , , . . 1 ,. 1 "wav the coastal plain an<l shore line 

sand\ t)pacli consisting mostiv ot sand ■ _ 

, ■ , , ' ,, ■ are beine; built out farther into the sea. 

tlunes along the ocean trout lor more 

, , ., ,, ... . ,, Tliese clianges go on steadily so that 

than JIK) miles. I poll tins beach there .^ ^ 

every few years many of the lai'o'e hotels 
iire many ]io])nlar seaside resorts at ' . " it' i i 

, . , ' , . , . , at the seaside resorts are obliged to be 

winch jieople sojourn during the suni- 

moxed or rt'built in order to be "on the 

sea. 

The ^'rc.at numl)ei' of lights on the 

dci-sey coast are maintained by the 

1 ■ 1 1 L'nitcd States Government, as are also 

waves or tins coast -which beat up tlic 

the LilV S.avino' stations which are es- 



niei' season fi>r t!ie benefit of the sea 
baths and I he in\igorating sea air. 

The s;ind liars or i-eefs are foi'iiied b\' 
tlie action of the strong winds ami 



sand from the shallow sea Ixittom, and 
slowK' build it into these otf-shoi'e 



tablished along the coast. 

hcachcs What do the many liglits tell us about the New 

.Jersey coast t What relation is tliei-e between the 
lietween these beaches and the coast many li.uhts and the Life Savin<j stations ^ There 

there are mallV loli^-, narrow liodies of are few lar-e harbors ; can you tell why ? 

Ou the i-elief map, trace th<' \\ aler-parliii^- 
bi'tween Ihc slri'diiiht which lind llieir way east- 



Salt or 1)rackish water. These bodies of 
ater are called hKjootiH. 
Obsei've that there are many inlets in Bay. Point out the u-atcv-parting and tell its 



water are called UkIooDH. ward dir.'clly to the .sea, and tliose whose w.aters 

reach the sea by way of the l^elaware River and 



THE GEOGRAPHY OE NEW JERSEY. 




CHIMNEY JiurlC FALLS, ItAKITAN l;l\ KL', 
IN SOMBUSET CODNTV. 

general dii"ecti<in. Trace the streams down each 
slope, naming and describing- them as you do so. 
You find tliat the longer, larger streams How east- 
ward, Avliile many small streams — runs, brooks 
and creel<s — flow into the Pehiware. 

Tell w h i c h 
streams of the 
coastal jilain you 
think are most 
slugggish in theii' 
flow, and why. 

liivei's. — The 
most iiii])ortant 
/■irt/'s of New 
Jersey are the 
Passaic, Hack- 
ensaclv,Raritan, 
^lullica, Great 
K o- o- Ilarlxir 
and ^Eauriee. 




I'ASSAK FALLS AT PATEKSOX. 



^Vhich of these flows into Newai'k Bay ? Which 
into lower New Y'ork Bay ? Whicli flows into 
tlie lagoons of the Atlantic ? Wljich into Dela- 
Avare Bay ? Which rivers drain nortliern New 
Jersey ? Which soutliern New Jersey ? 

Tlie Passaie liiver I'eaehes the sea 
after iiialciu^' many turns and cur\'es, and 
two falls, called Little Falls and Passaic 
Falls. The lirst Falls forms a l_)eautiful 
cataract. At the second, in Paterson, tlie 
ri\"(M' takes a tremendous leap over a 
precipice of '.h» feet into a great cleft of 
rock. Here the water is chnrned into 
foam and a spray is tlii'own man\' feet 
into the upper air, making a .scene of 
imjiosing gi'andeTU'. 

]Most of the streams of northern New 
Jer.sey are fed l>y the mountain lakes 
an<l ponds. These streams fldw ra])idlv 
and furnish the many great industrial 
centers on their l)anks v,"ith water- 
])o\ver foi' maiuifacturing pur[ioses. 

L a I' e s . — 
There are 
m an y s mall 
lale-s beauti- 
fully located 
a m o n g tlie 
northern high- 
lands of Ne^\■ 
Jersey. The 
t\vo largest and 
most important 
are Ij a k e s 
Ilopatcongand 



THE (iEOGKAl'IlY OF NEW JEKSEV. 



Green \v<:»0(l — the latter lying on the 
northern border and |)aiiial]y in New 
York. These lakes, with many smaller 




I.AI^I-; IIIFI'AIXO.NG. 

ones, are popiihu' suuiiiier resorts. Can 
yon think of any I'c^asons for this? 

Oil wliich surfuce division of New Jersey do 
you live ; <.)ii which slope 'i Wliat is the cliai'ac- 
ter of the surface in your locality ? 

Which of the most important rivers are in your 
section of the State ? What small streams or 
lakes or ponds are in yoiu' section i Find out all 
you can about the surface and drainage of the 
section in which you live. 

Draw the rivers in the map of New .Jersey 
which you have already beg'un. Also draw them 
in a second nidp. Carefully correct any erroi-s in 
this second drawing, and outline the rivers in blue 
pencil or crayon. Then color the surface of the 
second map a light gi'cen to represent lowlands, 
and brown to i-epresent highlands. Indicate the 
general water-])ai'ting in lighter brown than the 
mountain ranges, and the sand I'eel's and very low 
marshy land on llie coast with lighter green than 
the lowlands. ( 'olor the border waters a pale blue. 
Caution : l)c' careful to kee]i the colors soft and 
light. I'rint the names of the great surface divi- 
sions on the colored map, as in the relief ma]) 
of .\cw .Icrsey. 

I'rint the names of the im))i)rtant rivers and 
lakes ill th(^ lirst or ))rogrcssive map. Then draw 
tlie mountains and peaks in this maii and ])i'int 
their names. 

Clim.\TK. — In vvhicli Jiart of the North Temper- 
ate Zone does New .lersey lie ? How many ncu- 



sails does it have ? Compare the length of its 
sunnners with the length of those of Maine; 
with tho.se u( North Carolina. Compare its 
winters with the winters of Minnesota, Missouri, 
South Carolina. Wliich of these States must 
have the earliest spring ? How does this affect 
the vegetation of these States ? Which of 
these States must make early preparation for 
winter ? How does this affect the vegetation 
— as the ripening of fruit and grains ? Judg- 
ing from the position of New Jersey in the Noi'tli 
Ti'inperate Zone, which part is colder ? Which 
warmer ? Why ? 

Which part of New .Jersey is made cooler by 
its heiglit above sea-level ! Which part must be 
esjjecially affected by its seaward slope '. 

How is the section in which you live affected by 
its height above sea-level ? How is it affected by 
the sea ? 

What are the prevailing winds of your sec- 
tion during the summer? During the winter? 
Which of these winds are dry i Why ? Which 
are moist ? Why ? 

As the entire kState of New Jerse\^ 
lies on the Atlantic slope, the elimate is 
much nioilitic(l liy the effect of the sea, 
and h;is a more uniform tcDiperatiire 
(hiring etirh season than many other 
States. 

TIu'I-c is a marked difference of teiii- 
jierattire l)etween the northern and 
southern parts of New Jersey. This is. 
due to three causes, viz : ( 1 ) the northern 
part lies farther north in the temperate 
zone; (2) it is higher, and ( ■"> ) it lies 
farther ;iw;i\' from the modifying intln- 
ences of the sea. 

The Kisli i-hj iriiitlti of New Jersey are 
ma<l(' Avarmcr ;ind more moist becanse 
they lilow ovci- the Gnlf Stream Drift, 
Avliich Hows from tiie eqnatorial regions 
ihroiiu'h the ^Vllantic towards the Polar 



THE GEOGRAPHY 

regions. (See p. 98, Elenieutary Geog- 
r:q.li_v.) 

The I'U'evailing wimh of the State 
are tlie northeast, oi' trade winds, 
and the westerlies. All places directly 
■on the sea have a strong sea breeze dur- 
ing a part of the day and a land hreeze 
during the night. The seaward slope 
gives New Jersey plenteous rainfall. 

The whole State is most healthful, 
and tliere are many summer and winter 
lie (lit It I- (■ ■ 
sorts. Lake- 
y< o o (1, 1 o - 
cated in the 
lieart of the 
pine woods 
of the coast- 
al plain, is 
a most pop- 
ular winter 
resort. The dee^t sandy soil allows good 
drainage, and tlie air is dry and partic- 
ularly liealthf ul for consumptives. 

Atlantic City, Asbury Park and Cape 
May are winter resorts for invalids as 
well as summer resoi'ts for other people. 
Long IJrancli, Elhermi and Ocean 
Grove are also •\vell-knowu summer 
resoi'ts. 

Locate eacli place lueulioncd. Tell the direc- 
tion of each from tlje place in wliicli you 
live. 

Indicate l)y arrows the prevailing' winds on the 
surface map yon have made ; also indicate the 
Gulf Stream Drift. 




OF XEW JERSEY. 9 

The Soil and Its Pkodicts. 

(Bring in picUires ropreecntint; indugtrios of New Jersey. Paste 
tliein neatly on aelieet of nianila paper, or gray card-board, i 

The soil of New Jersey is for the 
most ])art a red sandy loam ■\\liich is 
easily tilled. Jt is most fertile in the 
ri\er valleys and in the hilly sections 
of the northern part of the State. It is 
lio-hter and less fertile towards the 
south. 

The long, gentle seaward slope of 

the coastal 
plain from 
the Lilly 
section of 
tlie soutli- 
ern part of 
New Jersey 
has a deep 
sandj^ st)il 
which is 
overgrown with pine forests. Near the 
shore the forests have l)een cleared 
for small farms. The most fertile soil 
of southern New Jersey is on the west- 
erly slopes towards the Delaware, and 
here are located the best farms of this 
part of the State. 

The nearness and easy access to the 
great markets of New York and Phila- 
delphia have stimulated the farmers of 
New Jersey to imju'ove their farms and 
to briuir them to a hio'h state of culti- 
vation. 

Trtich (ja )•(]<' nimj., ilal i-iji mj, and fruit. 






Tllli j;iiAl II A.M) Ilo'lKl.^ AT AfljANIIl (ITV. 



10 THE GEOGRAPHY OF jSEW JERSEY. 

rai-iiiig are the special industries of the Few States surpass New Jersey iu the 

fanners, iu additiou to the J'aising of the raising of flo\vers and foliage plants, 

ordinary fai'in prcxlucts foi' house uses. They are also cultivated in hot houses, 

Ye<j(:tahle><, siiKill t'ri(ifs^ and vrchoni and supply the lic.iwer markets of the 

f/uiifs are I'aised in ahundaufe. o;reat cities dui'inL:- the winter months. 

The most important vegetables are The constantly growing demand for 

potatoes, sweet potatoes, onions, toma- dainj jn-odiicfs made hy the steady in- 

toes, cabbages, sweet corn, asparagus, ci'ease of cit\' ])opulation, and li\" the 

green pease, green beans, musk melons, growing popularitA' of the health ivsoi'ts, 

water meh)n3 and cueu-ndjers. has led many of the Xew Jersev fai'mers 

The most iin[>ortant small fruits are to especially engage in dairying and 

strawberries, cranbei'ries (wliieh are stock raising. 

raised in the Ixigi^y soil of the southei'u ^Millions of gallons of milk and ci-eain. 

part), blackljerries, currants, raspberi'ies, and millions of pounds of butter ai'e 

and goosel)erries. produced and shij)ped ev^ery year to the 

The I'aising of eai'ly vegetables and great centers for disti'ibution. Tliere is 

small fruits for supplviug the demands also an ever-inci'easing th^mand for })Oul- 

of the people of the cities and health try and eggs, which leads small farmei's 

resorts is a source of great revenue to to specialize in this direction. The in- 

inauvof the Xew Jersev farmers. These crease in the nundier of cows and jioultry 

early fruits and A'egetables are Lj'rowii has kept up the demand for the ditt'er- 

and I'ipened umh'r n'lass, so as to foive ent grains n[ioii which they ai'e fech and 

their u'rowth. promoted the cultivation of corn. 

The most important orchard fruits Corn and wheat are grown in all sec- 
are peaches, apples, peai's, cherries, tions, while the i-aising of buckwheat, 
plums and prunes. The raising of rye, oats and l>arley is confined jiiinci- 
jieaches is largely contlned to the norlli- pally to the northei-n part of the 
\\'estern [lail of the. State. GrapcH-ul- State. 
ture is inereasing. l^nonrcTs of Fisiieutks. — The great 

The raising of orchard fruits has led extent of the Xew Jersey coast line, with 

some of the farmers |o grow /////'.v /•// its many inlets and bays, fumishes the 

jiroiliK-ts; as their pi-iiieipal business in natural conditions for developing large 

order to fui'uisli scedlluLi's to the fruit iisln ni i inliixfrii s. ^NTanv thousands of 

growt'rs. jieople ai'e thus engaged thr<iughout the 



THE (iKOGRAI'llY OF XEW JEli.SEV, 



11 



year in the little fishing villages alung 
the coast. 

The principal /?.s//e/7/7>/v>^///(/.s in their 
order of importance are otjsters, cldz/is; 
shad, squeteague, hlueji><li and I'od. These 
products are a source of food sn[>p]y for 
the gi'eat in- 
dustrial cities 
and seaside re- 
sorts. 

Mining axu 
Qr'ARKY Pro- 
ducts. — New- 
Jersey is rich 
in clays. As a 
result, the Stat I' 
ranks second 
in the Union 
in the produc- 
tion of pottery 
and third in the 
clay products. 

A very fine grade of clay is found ou 
the western slope of the coastal plain, 
from which fine pottery is manufactured. 
Trenton is the leading city in the United 
States in the "potteries" industry. Tiles 
and lirick are manufactured in all pai'ts 
of the State from a pooi'er cl;iy. 

In the southern part of the State, there 
is an aliundance of fine sand \\liich is 
most valuable in the manufactui-e of 
(jlass. Srid(jL-tuii and ^fiVrillr aiv the 
^M'iucipal glass manufacturing centers. 




This section has been a glass-making center 
since very early in the history of New Jersey. 
One of the largest window and bottle plants in 
the State is still owned and managed by the 
descendants of the men who started it nearly one 
hundred and twenti-Hve years ago. 

Sevei'al valuable I'lilliJ'nig stones are 

i[uarried in the 
State, viz.: 
'jraniti, ■siinil- 
stone and uiai'- 
hl(\ Xew Jer- 
s e y I' a n k s 
second in the 
pi'oducti<.in of 
Poftland ce- 
ment. 

Find out wliat 
cement is and how 
it is made. 



IIAlIJNt; IN A t'ATLU Ol'' KIMl AT AILANTK ( ITV 



total production of 



There are 
extensive ledges of (piciss and trap-roch 
which are valuable in road buildino-. 
New Jersey has some of the best roads 
in the United States. IJoad making 
has been made easv in the State bv the 
abundance and neai'nessof the necessary 
rock materia'. 

^ alualile iron ore has been mined in 
the northwestern paiT of New Jersey 
since very early times. It su])[)lies the 
gi'eat iron and ste(4 industries of tl:e 
State with liie raw mateiial for tJieir 
manufactures. Other ores of less im- 
portance ai'e zhic. iniinijti ii( s( and coj^ipi i-. 



12 



THE GEOGKAIMIY OF NEW JERSEY. 



There ;ire largt^ deposits of )iu(r] in (3) its iinexeelled means of transiaorta- 

the State, wliich is used for fertilizing tion ; (4) its resources of iron and v;d- 

tLe farndaiids. iial.)le clays and sands; (5) its ea.sy 

Fiiidout I. f wliat marl is composed and wliy it ''^L'<^'ess to the gi'eat Coal iields of Peuu- 

isagoodlv.rtili/A.r. sylvauia; (G) its cheaper living faeil- 

TuK LuMBEHiNG IxDi'STRY. — The foi"- ities, Avliich liave caused many uian- 

ests of New Jersey are now mostly of nt'acturers to move their indusri'ii's 



t li e sec o n d - 
growth tiniher 
— t li e fi r s t 
growth, A\"hicli 
consisted lai'gely 
of hai'd A\oods, 
hasing lieeu loni;' 
a g o c le a r e d 
away. The in- 
crease in the 
Inmljering indus- 
ti'V is shown 1)\ 
tile increase in 
the manufactui'e 




A \ii,\\ IN \\ lisr i.ii:A.N(ii:, n. .i., siiuwin(; a tyi'rai, ledge 

OV THAI'-KOIK. 



from Xew ^'oik 
into NcAv Jer- 
sey. 

The most im- 
portant grouj) of 
industries in ilie 
State consists in 
the manufacture 
of the li.rfihs, 
viz.: .s///' and 

•sv/A' (Jdiiils, cot- 

lull tjdtiil.s of all 
kinds, irorsffds 



a n d ir a <i / c ii. 

and output of jJdn iini-m iJJ siijiplies — i/aixls^ /u/.si'i ry and I'lii'f i/uai/s, cdrj/ifs 
tliat is, su])plies of lumber, sash, dooi's and rth/s, 1///1 imj -Aud p'liis/iiiit/ te.ililis, 
and hlinds. and slKidilij. In the production of 

JVlANUFAoruiM': AM) ]\[ AXirFACTURiNO. silks and silk goods New Jei'sey 
— New Jei'sey is i';i[>idly deyelo]>ing 
many great industi'ial centers, aud al- 
ready j'aidvs sixth in the United States 
m the vahu^ of iiKimtt'dcl/n-) il jirnilncts. 
'J'liis is due to se\-eral reasons, chief of 
wliich .arc (1) its geogra[)liical position 
on the Atlantic seal»o;ii-d ; ('i') its near- 
ness (o the gre.-it indnsti-i:d and trade 
centers of New \ uv\s .-hhI T'hiladelphia; 




A I'UOSI'ICHUIS .MANIKM-I'UUINC I'l.AXT IN A ^MAl.l, 
COMMUNITY. 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF XEW JERSEY. 



13 



ranks first in tlif Union. This in- tlie nianufactuie of iron and steel and 
dustry is centered in the towns and theii' pi'oducts. 

cities of the northern and middle sec- One of tlie largest and oldest nianu- 

tions of the State. P((fersoi) is tlie factories of pig ii-on is at O.cford. Steel 
oldest and I I i s m a n n - 

fartnred ia 
Xe to a I' I' , 
li o nidii ^ 
J> (I r e /' , 

hui-fj, Pat- 



lar2;est silk 
uianuf ac - 
taring city 
in the 
United 
States. It 
is called the 
'• Lyons of 
America ; " 
can you tell 
A\ hv i 




LAI, I. I.M.I, lAi loliV Al NKUAllK, K. .1. 



ef!<on, I'afi- 
s a i c a n d 
I r e II to II . 
The Tren- 
ton steel 
wii'e is sent 



F i u d out 

wiiicli cities manufacture cotton goods; which, to all liarts of tlie AVol'ld. 

worsteds ; which, woolen g-oods : which, knit ,„, ,. , i- ^' 7 7 

J , ■ 1 . 1 . • 1 ] Ihe maniitactnre ot jinnidrii and ma- 

goods; which, carpets and rugs; which, dye- iiniiii.....^i i.^ j j 

ing and finishing textiles. Find out all you cJi ine sliop p''0<^"''f>^ ^"^^^^^ ^^^^^'^^^^ among 

tlie various industries of New Jersey. 



can about each of the textile industries. Write a 
short description of the more important ones 
Make a special study about any textile manufac 
tured in the locality in wliich vou live. 



The various iron ami sf(r(:l iiiairiifai'- 
tiii'fs form the second important group 



Great macliine shops and foundi'ies ai'e 
located in Xeirarl, Jerse;/ C'ifi/, Iloho- 
hii, Pafersoii, J'laiiifidi], Plizahetlt, 
Camden and PJiiUqidnn-g. EHzaheth 



of industrie.s, which are for the most has one of the laigest sewing macliine 
part located iu the northwestern and plants in the United States, 
central portions of the State. EJtctrical apparatus and siqpdk-s ai-e 
The nearness of the iron and coal sup- other industries \\luch depend ujton 
ply, and the abundant means of trans- ii'on and steel for working material, 
jiortation have greatly aided in the ra])id The refniiaj of prtroJcinn is an ini- 
growth and dcveloj)ment of the ii'on in- mense, thougli comparati\ely new, in- 
dustries in the State. \i-ii'arl\J\it<-rsoii, dustry, wliich ranks thiid among the 
and EHzalidli are the lai-gest centers for industi'ies of the State, llaiiomn is the 



14 THE (JKOCUAPIIY OF NEW JEKSEV. 

great center of this industry, its posi- s_ysteins in the State all teriiiioatiiig 

tiou on the deep sea aUowinn- vessels to near New York Bay on the Jersey 

be loaded directly at tlie tloeks. side of the Hudson Rivei'. These 

Why is it (lesii-al.lc to load pefn.ieum products railroads gather up the different pro- 
directly at the docks ? Find out wliat the petro- dm-ts of the sections thl'ough \\liicll 
leuin products are. Which are of tlie most im- 
portance ? Wliat are some of their various uses ? they pass and carry tlieni to tlie great 

How are the dillerent pn.ducts liaudledand ,.,„|suniin- and d istrihuting centel', Xew 

shipped ? How is tlie crude petroleum transpoi'ted 

from the oil fields to the refill. M-ies? York City. Ili-n- these products are 

New Jersey is (.tie of the leading ^"'"l to the people of this great city and 
States in the ni;iiinf;icture of ./V //>//■//, ill its vicinity for iiiiuie<liate use, or tliey 
i\\e tiiiunn^l ■M\^ tinisluinj of J,(iflHi\ Mu\ 'M'^' ^'^'nt i"*""* ^^t-"' England and New 
in the nianufa<'ture of iiinJt ]li[nnrs, and York State, or tire shipped ;is exports by 
in each of these industries .\7//v//-/' takes steauisliiiis to other i>arts of the \\ orld. 
the oldest and the leading rank. N<'\v York gathers the world's pro- 
Other ni;inuf;iclures are <•//, /y//,Y//.s-, the <lncts ill iiii[H)rts liy laud and sea from 
le.-tding centers for this industry h.-ing the West and the Kast, and sends them 
yiiniii; Citinilui. and I'xi ijoii n, \ tiiid out soiithw.ard tind westward across New 
rulilier and elastic goods, with centers at Jersey to other trtide and industilal 
X< irark M\^\ \i /r lini iiKirid: cent(M's in N(MV Jersey and ot her States. 
'^'oii may noti' tlnit most of the m.-tnii- Alillions of j.eople are carried atu-oss 
facturing and trade eeiiters of \ew the St.nte of New Jersey every yeai'. 
Jersey are within a. r.idius of .lo to '7) and the Aaliie of the freight trtittic 
miles (,f New ^'oi-k. I'nited with Xe\v tlifoii-h Xew Jersey amounts to liillioiis 
York, they make the greatest mtiniifae- of dollars annually. 

tui-iug and coiiimer.'ial renter in the J'he priiicip:il tailroads entering New 

\\i)i-|d. \'ork from New Jerse\- are the J>(h(- 

.Mkv.ns OK 'ruvNsi'oi; rvtiox AM> CoM- iri(ri\ Liicktiii'iinnii. uikI Ih.s■/^/■/^ lln- 

Mr.NlcATIo.N. — /A////v(r/r/,s-, steam and (dec- 1 ><ll I iiimi'i lUnl < >lu(), I In l\rl(.t]ii Pdiii- 

tric, traverse Xew Jefse\- ill all direc- sijlranid, lln CiiiUuil l!iiiJni(i<l (ij ^\i>0 

tioiis, coiinei'ting iiKliisirial ceiitei-s w it h -A/.w// ;iud tin Lilinjh \ ulli i/. 

e.-udi other and with New ^'ol■k l'>a\, 'I'lieiv are iiiaii\ local tr.nins wlii(di con- 

lludsoii IJivcr, Slateii Island Sound, nect tow ns ami clt les of X"^(W\- Jersey witli 

and Kai'itaii l'>a\. New N'ork. These .-ire for the lieiietit of 

Thei'e are se\'en Iriinl'; line railroad the business men tiiid wonu'ii li\ing in 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY. 



15 



New Jersey and going daily t<> their "^^'11=*^ benefit is derived in shipping coal and 

. 1 rni lumber by canal rather than by raili-oad ? 

business in JSew York. Ine [)eople wlio 

patronize these trains are called com- Teliijr(ti>]i and lihplone service con- 

7nute7'S, because they get certain rates nects all parts of New Jersey with eaoli 
and commutation tickets from the rail- other and ^vitll other sections of the 
roads. worhL 

The electric railway service has done The rural fnn' (Jdlixrij of the mail 
more than all other service to bring the service of the United States Post 
farmers of the sparsely settled localities Office Department reaches many of the 

farmers, deliver- 
ing at their door 




DKAWINO A UUAI- Lr AN 1N( ].1M:U I'LAMO !• KOM TUE LEVEL 
OF ONE CANAL TO ANOTIIICR. 



into communica- 
tion -".vitli the 
trade centers, 
thus bringing 
the people of 
the cities and 
country into 
closer social eon- 
tact. 

Canals.— ^itw 
Jersey has two 
importantr'(/7?/^/.s', 
y'vA : the J/orz-is 
Canal and the Delaware and Raritan 
Canal. 

The Morris Canal is owned by the 
Lehigh Railroad. It extends from Jer- 
sey City to Phillipsburg, on the Dela- 
ware River. Vast quantities of coal are 
transported by this canal fi'oni the coal 
fields of Pennsylvania. The Delaware 
and Raritan Canal, now leased to the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, connects New 
Brunswick \vith Bordento\vn, \\\{\\ a 
branch to Trenton. 



papers and let- 
ters several times 
a week, and thus 
bringing them 
into coimnunica- 
tion with the 
w hole world and 



Its doings. 



Population, Re- 
ligion AND Schools. 
—Which of the three g-reat races of mankind do 
you find in New Jersey ? What nations repre- 
senting the white race ? The yellow race ? 

From the Appendix (p. 24), state the population 
of New Jersey. How does the population compare 
with the other States of nearly the same size? 
Can you think of any reasons for this difference 
in population between New Jersey and each of 
these other States ? From the map, tell which 
part of New Jersey is most thickly peopled. 
Which most thinly? Why is this probably so ? 

What i-e!i'jii>i,s are represented in New Jersey ? 
Which branches of the Protestant religion do 
you know about ? 

Srhooh. — New Jersey has a fine, well- 
organized system oi jaihlir srlaioh. 



IC 



THE GEUGIiAl'lIY OF 2sEW JEKSEY. 



Besides tlie public scbudls, tliei'e are 
^wiwien in>i pi'i'vafe and jxi/ncltial sdiooLs 
ill tlie State. All of the seliouls — }iiib- 
lic and private — are doing a great work 
ill ediioating the ehildreii of the State. 

Fiud out from ymir parents or others all you 
can about the 
public schools of 
New Jersey. 
How are they 
s u |) ported ' 
Who has the 
care of these 
.schools ? Who 
selects the 
teachers i How 
are they paid for 
their services? 

A State N(5r- 
iiial School for 
the special train- 
ills' '^t' teachers 
is located at 
Trenton. Who 
s u p p orts it ? 
Pindoutby what 
terms pupils at- 
tend this school. 
Find out where 
.soni!' of tlie best 
])rivate and parochial schools are located: how 
they are supported, and who has the care of them. 

J^'ind out where Prineetcin T'niversity is located: 
who its |)resident is, and huw it is sui>portetl. 
WhiM-(! is lUitgers College located ? 

Many students in New Jersey tahe 
adxantagc of the i-diiiniiiters' rates whieh 
the r:iih'oads atfnrd and stiid\- in tlu; 
great liiisiness, art, nnislc:il and litcrarv 
centers of New 'N'ork and i'hihid(d]i]iia. 

(»o\ Ki:\MKNT. — New .Icrscv lias a gov- 
ernoi' and a State legislature which 
meets at Trenton in .Iannar\' of eaeli 
year. The State legislature consists of 




TlIK ASSKMIil.V KcillM OF \ FIX 
JEItSli 



nineteen State senators — one from each 
county — and sixty assemblymen, elected 
ill each county in proportion to its 2»op- 
ulatioii. 

From the population table (p. 23), tell which 
county would have the larg'est number of assem- 
blymen, and which tlie smallest. 

The high- 
est State 
courts also 
hold their 
sessions in 
T rent o n . 
New Jei'sey 
sends t w o 
senators and 
nine rejire- 
sentatives to 
the Congress 
at AVashing- 
toii to aid in 
making the 
laws for the 

government of the United States in all 

its territory and possessions. 

Who is the present governor of the State of New 
.Tersey ? Where does he reside ? For how long a 
(eriu was he elected ? When will his term of 
iiflice ox])ire ? AVho is the State senator from 
your county ? Where does he live ? Who are 
the assemblymen from your county ? \\'\io are 
the two United Slates senators at the present 
lime ? Who are some of the nine I'epresentatives 
to the Congress ? 

Cities. — Name and locale the capital of New 
.T<'rsey. How does it i':ink in size among' the ten 
lai'gest cities of the Stat(> ? See p. 23. About how 
far is it from New York City ? From Philadelphia? 
For what have you learned Trenton is noted ; 
Because of its being the cai)ilal, what bodies of 



i:i.v i:i>rii'i'FD I'lui.ic stiiooL i.n 

,V CITY. 



THE (iEU(il!AriIY OF XE\V JERSEY. 



ir 



lere are cei'taiu 



men meet here and for what purpose? In what ^-[ Tilpe Clfll. — Tl 

State huikhnrr do these hoiiies meet? Find out , .' , ' , ,. . , . , 

wl>at State ofHces are in this building. Wliat other regulations, laws, an<l conditi-.iis Avhich 

State buildings or institutiojis are located in uuist be imposed Upon ;ill people 

Trenton ? n • • • i j • n , 

grouped 111 eities and towns in order to 

New Jersey lias 190 incorporated protect the life, health, and property of 

cities, towns, villages and l)oroughs. the people, and to make the people 

From the table on p. 24, tell the nun,b.,r of each : comfortable. Thillk ill wliat \\ays Coun- 

cities, towns, villages and boroughs. tiy life is freer than city life. Can 3 on 



Make a list of the cities with their population. , • n , ,,.... ^ 

Locate each. Name the ten largest cities in tlieir think why so many people live in Cities ? 
order of size. Point 
out each. Which 
are located near or 
on the sea ? Which 
on navigable rivers '. 



Which are nearest 
New York City ; 
Which are farthest 
from New York 
City ? In the loca- 
tion of each of these 
ten cities, can yon 
think of any reason^ 
for its growth anil 
development ? How 
does Jersey City com- 
I)are in size with 




^TV^^; c aimtoi. at TitiiNio.N. 



In every well- 
I'egulated city 
tliere are good 
streets, paved 
\\itli brick, stone, 
asphalt or mac- 
adam, and good 
sidewalks. There 
is a plenteous 
supply of pure 
water, and a 



Newark? How does Hoboken compare with .Jer- good sewerage system draining every 

?y City ? How does it compare with Paterson ? 
Which four incorporated places of New Jersey 



sev Citv ? How does it compare with Paterson ? ^ i- ii • j_ i • • -i. r^^ 

•^ ■* ' part of the city and vicinity. J he 



have a population of from 20,000 to 2.5,000 ? How streets and public buildings are well 

many cities have a population of between 10,000 i- i , i i i j. • -i. rri 

lonnnA^TT 1,^ K nnn 1 1A nnn» liefhted Dv gas or electncitv. iJiere are 

and 20,000 ? How many between 5,000 and 10,000 ? & J o J 

How many less than 5,000? What is the popula- parks and pulilic statues, and many fine 

tion of the place in which you live ? i -i i- 

buildings. 

Many of the smaller places in the There are .schools — public and pri- 

nortliern, eastern and central sections vate — cliurclies, and public libraries to 

of New Jersey are inhabited largely meet the demands of the people for edu- 

by the New York commuters. By cation, religious woi'ship and culture. 

living outside the large citie.s, they There are banks, liusiness olfices, and 

have the advantages of healthy country buildings of various kinds — as law, 

air, beautiful scenery, and cheaper liv- Life and Fire Insurance, Building and 

ing expenses. Loan As.sociation — and many, many 



IS 



TlIK (iEOGlLVrilV OF NEW JEKSEY. 



iitliers, for the purpose of doing tlie 
liusiuess comiec-teil with tlie city life. 

There are hir^e aiul small stoi'es 
which are great centers of trade not 
only for the city, l)ut for the adja- 
cent coiintr}' districts. There are 
asyhims and hospitals for the care 
of the insane, the unfortunate, the 
orplianed, and the sick, and charitable 
institutions for the needy and the 
intirin. 

The city lias telejdionic and 
telegraphic coininunication with nil 
other cities of the United States 
and the world ; it is connected l>v 
one or more trunk lines of railroad 
with the great trade and industrial 
centers of the United States, and liv 



State, and with the nearer large cities 
of adjacent States. A few of the cities 







^ia;;3 lilt l lg i i^ ri 

■""■"" — — ese ^ 





A ivi'ii Ai. in lU-ii 



electric and steam iviilroad systems with 
ncai'U' all otliei' tow ns ;ind cities in the 



1111'. liuai f.( lloill. iU II.LIIMI OK A TVl'l. rnv. 

of New Jersey have also steamer com- 
munication with other cities of the 
United States and the Avorld. 

Thei'e is a Fire Depai'tment 
foi- the protection of the prop- 
erty of a city ; a good city gov- 
ernment Avith a mayor and his 
advisers at the heml, and a Po- 
lice Department, Avhose liusiness 
it is to see thai the laws and regu- 
lati()ns made liy the mayor 
and his ad\isers ai'e cai'i'ied into 
effect. 

As the towns and cities of 

New Jerse\ are well governed, 

it is ]irol>alile that all of them 

nnich more than meet the above re- 

(piii'emeiits. 



TllK GEOGKAPHY OF XEW JEliSEY. 



19 



Aeica)*. — Can you think of any reason wliy 
Newark should be the largest city and the greatest 
financial center in the State ? For what industries 
is Newark noted :■ 
{l)p. IS, U.j 

Other impoi'- 
taut inanufac- 
t II res of Newark, 
are elieinicals, 
electrical appai'a- 

tirs and stq^P^i*?^' 
fertilizers, boots 




aiul shoes, fiu 

hats, men's cloth- ^ business strekt i.n- newakk, n. j 

ino", -women's clothing, watch cases and 
varnish. 

Jerseii Clin is tlie terminus of a large 



handle an immense traffic of passengers 
and freiu'ht. It is also a sfeam.sli/j> fcr- 

III III <i^ fiir lines 
cniinecting with 
other cities of 
the Atlantic sea- 
l)oard and Avith 
Europe. 

By what means 
and aci'oss what riv- 
ers do people now 
reach New York City 
from Jersey City ? 
Tunnels are being 
constructed underthe 

river which will soon enable the trains to run 

directlv into New Y'ork. 




crrv iiALi., jiiUsKV hty. 



number of railroads, each running many 
trains from the West or v'^outh, -which 



Besides the industries already noted 
(pp. 13, 14), Jersey City has toliacco fac- 
tories and sugar refineries "which are 
among the largest in the Avoi-ld. It has 
o-reat grain elevators for receiving West- 
ern cargoes of Avheat and corn and load- 
ing them on steamers for exportation. 
It manufactures locomotives, l)()ilers, tin, 
zinc, silver and copper products, malt 
liquors, soap and candles. Jersey City 
has o-rown rapidly during the past ten 
A'ears. Can you think of any I'eason for 
this;! 

JIoh(A'i:ii is ver\- much like Jersey City 
in its h_)cation and in the character of 
its industries. 

Paterson. — For wliat manufactiu'e does Pater- 
son lead in the United States ; (p. 13.) What is 
this cit\' sometimes called ? Why '. What other 
industries have already been mentioned in connec- 
tion with Paterson ? 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF NEW JERSEY. 



Still iither iiulustiies are dyeing and 
fiiiisLintr of textiles and manufaetui'ing 
malt liquors, pottei'v and rul»l)er goods. 
\\'liat special natural advantages has it 
for Ijeing a great industrial center? 

Camden. — Wliat rank does Camilen hold amoiio^ 
tlie cities of New Jersey ; Wliat special ad vaiitag'3 
lias it in its location on the I'l-Iaware and in its 
nearness to Philadelphia '. 

Its principal industries are tlie manu- 
facture of worsted goods, uilclotL, 
foundiy and machine sho]! products, 
paints, soap and candles, beiots and 
shoes, jilaniug-mill products, and jiateiit 
medicines, ship-huilding, ca.iniing of 
pickles, preserves and sauces, producing 
ui bread and other l)aker })ro(lucts. 

Most of the other cities of New 
Jersey are engaged in about the same 
class of industries as have beau men- 
tioned. 

Tell for what Elizabeth, Bayonne, Atlantic City 
and Passaic are noted. Name all other places 
mentioned among- the industrial centers (|)p. ;i. 1 1, 
13. 14), and tell for what each is noted. 

Ill tlu' tliiicl (proiluc'tioii and iictupiitioii) innp imlicatc tin- great 
iincfi of traiit^porlalion wliuii roiiiH'ct the .siiialk-r with tlu- larLrcr 
centers. 

.Make a table >lio«ili>.' Ilie iiiiliiKlriiH ami pinducts cif tile ten 
larirest (ilics of New .lerr^ey. 

SUcaiESTIVE (^)rESTIclXS FOR THE StI'DV OF .\NY 

City, Tow.n ok Bokouch. 

Where and wlieii was the lirst settlement made ? 
By whom was it made '. (Nationality, family or 
families' names. ) For what purpose was it made i 
Did till! first .settlers have any special business 
which they wished to carry on ? IV'.scribe tlie 
early liomes and home life of its |)eo|)le. Of what 
did the food largely consist? How ihd llie set- 
tlers dress, and of wliat material did their clotliiii"' 



consist ? How did they secure such clothing .' 
Find out about the g-rowth of this settletnent; was 
it rapid or slow ? Where and when was tlie first 
church located ? Where and when was the first 
.school established '. Wlio taught it ? How was 
he paid for te.'iching ? What were the studies ? 
How were tools procured ? How and by whom 
were the horses shod ? Tell of some of the hard- 
ships and difficulties of the early settlers of your 
town or city. 

Where and when was the first mill or factory 
located ? What was the nearest trade center ? 
How did the settlers go there ? For wliat ))iu'- 
pose ? Wluit did the\- take to this place ? What 
ilid they bring away ; When were the first roads 
constructed ? Between what points ? What were 
the ])rincipal .streets at first ? Where and when 
and by whom was the first store located '. When 
and whei'e was the first post-office opened ? 

Compare the early conditions with those of the 
IM'esent, and trace the gradual development of in- 
dustries and the growth in population to the pres- 
ent. Consider the character of the countiw and 
the natural advantages. Is it in a rich farming' 
district ? Is it near a mining or quarrj' section ? 
Is it in a forest region ? Is it near the sea, in the 
locality of fisheries ( Is it on a river having great 
watei' power, which was so necessary for the early 
milling and manufacturing ? Is it a section easy 
of access in transportation ? 

What do you think must have been the charac- 
teristics of the early settlers '. What families and 
what industries have been esjiecially active in the 
growth and development of this place i 

What nationalities ai-e represented to-day ? 
Why did these people come to this city i Com- 
pare the number and denomination of clmrches 
f)f the present with the past. Explain tlieir 
gradual g-rowth. Compare the schools and the 
government of the present with those of earlier 
times. 

Go to the older men of your [ilace ;uid learn all 
you can about earlier conditions and the growth 
of the place in all ways. Write sketches, taking 
it single subject, or phase, and describe the gradutil 
devidopment of that subject. For exam))le : when 
was the first railroad built ? Bi'tween wluit points ? 
When were the lirst horse-cars ? When was 
the fir.st electric road ? If .a city, when was it 
incorporated? Who w.is the first mayor ? How 
was the early settlcmiMit governed ? When was 
the first town meeting' held? For what purpose? 



THE LiEUCiltAi'in OF .NEW JEliSEY. 



''1 



What officers were necessary for making and What is the center or sliire town of tlie county 

reguhiting- laws for tlie people? How were they in wliich you live? Find out for just what busi- 
selected or chosen ? What officers has your city aess it is noted, 
to-day ? What is the business of each ? Make 
a collection of pictures representing the industries 
of your town or city. 

Counties. — For eoiivcnience in u'ov- 
criinient, States ai'e divided into eoiui- 
tie.-<. 

Into how man J' counties is New .Tersey divided' 
Point out and 
name tlie coun- 
ties which bor- 
d e r on N e w 
York State. 
Point out those 
which border on 
the sea ; those 
which border on 
the Delaware 
River and Bay. 

Point out two 
counties which 
are in the inte- 
rior of the State. 
Point out and 
name the coun 
ties in northern 
New Jersey ; in 
southern New 
Jersey. Which 
counties are in 

the densely populated section? Which county is 
the largest ? Which are of about the same size ? 
Which is the smallest ? In which do you live ? 

Ill every county there are officers 
ctilled County Commissioners, chosen l)y 
popular vote, ^vho form ;in administra- 
tion lioard to conduct financial and other 
affairs of the county. Find out \\liat 
other officials eacli county lias and what 
the business of each is. 

In each county there is a center or shire 
town where county business is transacted. 




coM.MuN AND ( 111 i;( 11 i;i ii.r i;v si;iri,|.;i,'s from Nliw |';.N(;i.a.m 
HLOOMFIELD, N. .J. 



Each count}- has at least one prison, 
one court, and an almshouse. Where 
are these usually located ? 

Towns, Ixn'oughs, villages and cities 
are sulj-divisions of coiintie.s. 

How many cities, towns, villages, or boroughs 

are in the cotmty 
in which you 
live ? Name the 
live large.st places 
in your county. 

History of 
New Jersey. — 
In early colonial 
times New Jersey 
was a single col- 
ony. Its first set- 
1 loments we re 
made about 1020 
by the Dutch at 
Bergen near the 
Hudson River, 
and at Nassau on 
the Delaware in 
1023, near what 
is now Glouces- 
ter. The Swedes 
made small set- 
tlements ill southern .Jersey in 1G38, and the 
English settled at Elizabeth in 166."). The con- 
trol of tlie colony passed into the hands of the 
English in 1664. at which time it became a pro- 
vince of England. The population increased by 
consideral)le additions of settlers from New Eng- 
land. What advantages of climate or soil has 
New .Ier.sey over New Eng-land that may have 
determined this move ? 

In 1676 the province was diviit'd into East and 
West Jersey, and so remained until 1702, when it 
was reunited as a royal territory. 

New Jersey is one of the original thirteen 
States whose peojilc rebelled against the govern- 
ment of England and, by lighting, secured their 
independence and founded a new nation which 
was to become a new power in the world. 



THE GEOGRAPHY OE ^E\V JERSEY. 



-:-#"T'- -JAP.- 



New Jorsoy was tlic scfiie (if great caiii])ai<Tiis 
(luring' this war of iiideiwiiclpiicc. After the bat- 
lies of L(jng- Island and W]iit(,' Plains, in 1770, 
General George WasliingtiiJi, witii his Conti- 
nental army, crossed the State, going from New 
York to Pennsylvania. Find out for what purpose 
tliis nil ive was made — what liis objective point was. 

Late in December of 1771! General Washing- 
ton won the famous battle of Trenton. How ? 
This was followed early iu January of the next 
year by the battle of Princeton. 

Ijuter, by his pei'soiial lii-.ivery. Washington 
s.'ivcd the battle of MonnnMilli fronibeinga defeat 
bi'cause of tlie treason 
of one of his generals. 
( 'liai'Ies Tjce. Find onl. 
how he did this. Gen- 
eral Washington made 
his 1) ea.cbi ua I'ters a-t 
Morristoun for three 
winters. Can you think 
of any natiu'al ad v;ni 
tages in the land sti-uc 
tui'(.' of this section 
which made it a sate 
retreat for his small 
army 'i 

New Jersey has given 
many celebrated and 

brave men to the country. I'Tnd out who some 
of them were. 1^'ind out what men of .\ew Jersey 
are today reckoned among the leaders in the 
iMlncalional, industrial and mdional all'aii's of the 
United Stah-s. . 

HiMovival Devfldiiiiii'iil of tJir State. — State 
briefly what natural conditions have favored the 
growth and ra,]iid dev(dopment of the agricultni'al 
and manufactui'ing industries of the entire 
St.ate of New Jersey. Name the State's na- 
tural re.sources. Which sections are increasing 
most rapidly in po))ulation ? Why .' Which sec- 
tion is increasing least rapidly, and wliy ':■ l''ind 
out the order of development of the sections in 
Ihe Stale. find nut the order of the dc\clop- 
nienl (if the L^re.-lt centers. 'I'eil the cause of Ihe 
(|e\'elopinent of each. Which a I'e I he live oldest 
cities in the Slate '. 

find out which in.i nulacturinu' industry was 
started lirsl, .and lo meet ulial demand. find 
out what some of the Slate inslilulions of New 
Jersey are and their order of devclopnieid. Lo- 
cate these institiUions. 




\\ \Mii\nTONs iieai)(jiai:ti-:i;s xi .moukistow.n. 



GENERAL REVIEW 

For what island and by whom was New Jersey 
named 'i Locate New Jersey in the United States. 
In the Middle Atlantic States. What is the area 
of New Jersey ? How does it conijiare in size 
witli the othei' States of the Middle Atlantic 
grouii '. With other of the United Slates ;■ 

B(>und New Jersey. Name the more nnportant 

bays, inlets, islands and projections on its coast. 

Into what two divisions is the surface of New 

Jersey naturally divided '. What route marks the 

division of these two parts '. 

Which l)art of New 
.lel'sey lies in the Ap- 
palachian Highlands 'i 
Tell where the State is 
crossed by the Pied- 
mont Plateau. Whi(di 
part of New Jersey lies 
in the Coastal Plains? 
Name and locate the 
mountain rang-es and 
peaks of New Jersey. 

Which part of New 
Jersey was foi'merly 
covered by an ice sheet ? 
How did this ice sheet 
or glacier atf'ect the land 
surf.ace .' ^Yllat evidences are there which tell peo- 
[ile that this section was once under an ice sheet ? 
What ]iro]iorlion of the Coastal Plains is very 
low i Of what docs the lower portion consist? 
How were the Coastal I'lains formed ! 

Describe the sand bars on the coa.st of New Jer- 
sey. How ai-e sand bars formed ? How are these 
sand liars sejiarated fi'om the coast ? How are 
the Lagoons and marshes being formed into land .' 
Tell why New .Icrsey has a dangei'ous coast ; and 
how life and shipping .-n'c jii-otected. AVhat can 
you tell of Ihe Xew Jersey beaches as health re- 
sorts :■ 

Describe the water parting of New Jersey. 
Name Ihe iuipoi'tanl sire.-ims which flow eastw.-ird 
■.i\\{\ ucslw.ard rroni Ihis \\ .-ilei' ]iarliug. Tell into 
wh.il other fiody oi' stream of water each tlows. 
N.anie .-ind des(aabe the four largest rivers of New 
.lcise\ . Whicli .-U'ellie more impiirl.aut rivers for 
maimraci uring ' Wli\ .' In uliicli section ol 
New .Icrsey are there m.iny lak'cs .and ponds? 
Name and locate ibetwd most important lakes. 
Describe the climate of New Jersey by telling: 



L.ofC. 



THE GEOGKAPHY OF NEW JERSEY. 



(1) in what zone it lies and its seasons; (2i wliicli 
part is made cooler by its lieis'lit above sea-level ; 
(3) which part is affected by the sea; (4) its ])re- 
vailing winds during summer and during winter; 

(5) how it is affected by the Gulf Stream Di'ift ; 

(6) its rainfall ; (7) its healtlifulness. 

Of what does the soil of New Jersc.y consist i 
In what parts is the soil very fertile ? In what 
part is it less fertile ? Locate the pine forests of 
New Jersey. What are the princi|)al occuijations 
of the people of New Jersej' ? Where are the best 
farms ? What are some of the special fanning 
industries '. Whv ? Name the products of the 
farm land. How are manv of the.se products pre- 
pared for the early mai'kets ! Why is dairying 
extensively carried on ? 

In what ways does the coast of New Jersey 
facilitate fishei'y industries i Name the moi'c 
important fishery products. 

Name the important quarry products of New 
Jersey. Tell what you can about each. Tell 
what you can of clays and their uses. Name the 
ores found in New Jersey. Which is of great im- 
portance ? Why ? Tell what you can of the lum- 
bering industry in New Jersey, and its pro- 
ducts. 



What rank does New Jersey hold in manufac- 
turing ? Give six reasons for this. What are its 
important textile industries '. 

Tell what you can of the silk iiidustr,y : of the 
iron and steel industries ; of the relining of 
petroleiiui ; of leather industries ; of the manufac- 
ture of .jewelry; of the manufacture of chemicals. 

Make a list of all the industrial cities mentioned; 
locate each and tell foi' w hat each i,s noted. Sum- 
marize bv making lists of cities engaged in the 
different industries, e. ij., what cities are en- 
gag-ed in the iron and steel manufacturing '. 

Name the imjtortant steam railroads that cross 
New Jersey ; the important canals. 

Tell what you can of the population, religion 
and schools of New Jersey. How is the State 
governed ? How is the State repi'csented in the 
national government ? 

What regulations, laws and conditions must be 
imposed in order to have a well-governed city or 
town '. Write a brief description of the conditions 
and government of your own town or city. 

How many counties has New Jersey ? Name 
tliem. Tell which are of most importance and 
wliy. Give brief descriptions of New Jersey's 
histoi'ical and industrial development. 



APPENDIX. 



couxTii-;s OK Nj<:\v jeksey. 



Atlantic 
Bergfu . 
Buriingtoii . 
Camden 
Cape May 
Cuuibci-land 
Essex . 
Gloucester . 



Sq. 



Size ill 



Jlik-s. 


'opllInHori. 




567 


4(1, (0-,! 


IIimUom 


3:_!6 


7.S, 11 1 


liunhi'ilni 


809 


5W.341 


Mercpi- 


233 


107.643 


;\Iiil(llesex 


256 


l:i.30l 


Mnniiiniill 


511 


51,11)3 


Muni^ . 


137 


359,053 


Ocean 


326 


31,905 


Passaic 



Size ill 


1900. 




Sq. .Miles. 


Populillidli. 




43 


386,048 


Salem . 


437 


34, .507 


SciMiei'set 


226 


95.365 


Sussex . 


312 


79,763 


Union . 


. 479 


83,057 


Wan-en 


475 


65,156 




583 


19,747 


Tolals 1 


198 


1.55,303 


Stale 



Size ill 


1900. 


S,|. .Mill's. 1' 


ipulMtimi. 


359 


25,530 


305 


32,948 


529 


24,134 


103 


99,353 


363 


37,781 



,.535 1,.S83,669 



TEN LARGEST CITIES BY POPULATION. 1900. 



Newark . 
.lersey 
Paterson 
Camden . 



ropiilalinii. 






246.070 


Trent 


III 


206.433 


IldlO 


<en 


105,171 


lOlizal 


..■II 


75,935 







ropuiiiiiuii. 
73,307 
59,364 
52,130 



Bayonne 
Allan tie. 
Passaic . 



Poimlatioii, 
rt2 732 

27,888 
37,777 



2-1 



THE GEOGRAPHY OF XEW JEESEY. 



POPULATION OF THE 190 



INC(_)IIPOIlATED CITIES, TOWXS, 
NEW JERSEY. 



VILLAGES ANT) BOROUGHS OF 





I'.IDll. 




roimlatidii. 


Absecoii town 


TilJO 


Allendale borough . 


G!)4 


AUenliurst lioroiigh 


IG.-i 


Alh'iitowM lioi'oufili 


Gil.) 


Auglcsea liorough . 


Itil 


Asliurv I'nrk city . 


4.14S 


Allautic City . ' . 


i;T.8:'.8 


Atlantic Highhiuds lioi( 


ugh l,:!s:! 


Avalon lioi-oiigli 


!);: 


Bayhead liurougli . 


247 


Bayonne City 


33,732 


Beach Haven boniiigh 


239 


Bel mar liiu'oiigh . 


903 


Belvidcre town 


1,784 


Bergentields borough 


73!) 


Beverly city . 


1 .OoO 


Blooinfield town 


9,(i(iS 


Bogota borough 


337 


Boonton town 


3.1)01 


Bordentown city . 


4.110 


Bonndlirook Vjoi-inigh 


3.032 


Bradley IScaeh liorough 


983 


Braiichville liorough 


52G 


Bi'idgeton city 


13,913 


Brigantine city 


99 


Brooklyn borougli . 


75 


Burlington city" . 


7.393 


Caldwell I)f)rougli . 


1.367 


Camden city . ' 


75.930 


Cape May city 


3,357 


Cape May Point liornug 


h 153 


Carlstadt liorougli . 


3.574 


Chatham borougli . 


1,361 


Chesilhurst liorough 


383 


Clayton borough . 


1,951 


Oliffside Park'borruigh . 


968 


Clinton borough . 


81 G 


( 'ollingswood liorough 


1,033 


Cresskill borough . 


4S6 


Deal borough ' . 


70 


Deckertown liorough 


1.30G 


Dilfol'il li..l-ullgll . 


74G 


I l(i\-el" 1 own 


5,938 


ihiuionl liorough . 


643 


1 luurllcn borough . 


1 339 


IvisL Millstone town 


447 


East Newark borough . 


3.500 


East- Orange city . 


31,506 


East Kntherl'oril boroiig 


1 3,640 


Egg llai'lior city . 


1.808 


Klizabcth city 


52,130 


Mlnicr borough 


1,140 


I'lnglewood city 


6,253 


Englewood Cliffs liorong 


h 318 


Knglislitown borough 


410 


Fairview borough . 


1,003 


Fan wood borough . 


399 


Fieldsboro borougli 


459 


Florham Park borough 


753 


Freehold town 


3,934 


Frenchtown borough 


1.030 


Garfield borough . 


3,504 


Glen Ridge borough 


1 ,960 


Glen Hock borough 


613 



(iloucesler city 
(iuttenberg town . 
Hackensack town . 
Ilackettstoun town 
li.aildoMfield boi'ongh 
ilaiinnonton town . 
Harrison town 
Harvey Cedars borough 
Ilasbrouck Heights liori 
Hawthorne borough 
lleliuetta borough . 
High i'lriilge borough 
Highlands" tioroiigh 
II iglitstown borough 
lliilioken city. 
Holly Beach borough 
Hopewell borough . 
Irvington town 
Island Heights borougli 
Janiesburg borough 
Jersey City 
Junction borough . 
Kearney t<iwn 
Kcyport town 
Lambert ville city . 
Lavalette city 
Leonia borough 
Linden borough 
Linwood borough . 
Little Ferry lioi-oiigh 
Lodi borough 
Long Branch town 
Longport borough . 
j\Iailisoii borough . 
filanasquan borough 
Jlatawan borough . 
Ma.ywoiid borough . 
Monhaiil villi' borough 
Meluchen borough . 
Midland Park liorough 
^Millstone borougli . 
i\Iilltown boioiigh . 
Mill ville city . 
Montclair town 
Mont. vale borough . 
.Morristowu town . 
Mountainside borough 
^It. .\rlington borough 
Neptune City borough 
Neicong borough . 
Newark city 
New Brunswick city 
New Providence borough 
Newton town . 
North Arlington liiudu 
North Ciihhvell liorough 
North Plaiiilielil borough 
North S|iring Lake boiviugli 
Ocean Cil v 
Old 'I'appan borough 
Oi'ange cit v . 
Palisades Park borough 
Park Hidge borough 
Passaic city . 



I'.idO. 
'tipiilntioii. 

G.S40 

:!.S25 

9,443 

3.474 

3.776 

3,lsl 

10.596 

39 

1,355 

2,096 

447 

1.377 

1,228 

1,749 

.59,364 

569 

9S0 

5,355 

316 

1,063 

206.433 

998 

10,S96 

3,413 

4,637 

31 

804 

403 

495 

1 ,240 

1,917 

8,873 

80 

3,7.54 

l,.5O0 

1,511 

536 

1.608 

1,786 

1.348 

300 

.561 

10,5.83 

13,903 

4]() 

11,267 

367 

375 

1.00!) 

941 

246.070 

30.006 

565 

4.376 

290 

397 

5.009 

361 

1,307 

269 

24.141 

644 

S70 

37,777 



Paterson city . 
Peinberton borough 
Penngrove borough 
Pennington borough 
Perth Ainboy city . 
I'liillipsbuig town . 
Plaiiilield city 
Pleasant ville borough 
Point Pleasant Beach 

ough . 
Poinpton Lakes boroui. 
Port Oram borough 
Princeton borough . 
Railway city . 
Raritan town . 
Red Bank town 
Ridgetield borough 
Ridgewood village . 
Riverside borough . 
Rivorlon borough . 
Rockaway borough 
Rocky Hill borough 
Roselle borough 
Rutherford borough 
Saddle River borough 
Salem city 
.Seabright borough . 
Sea Isle (.'ity borough 
Seaside Park borougli 
Secaucus borough . 
Somers Point borougli 
Somerville town 
South Ainboy borough 
South Atlantic City boi-. 
South Boundbrook town 
.South Cape May borough 
South Orange village 
South Kiver borough 
Spring Lake borough 
.Stockton borough . 
Sumniit city . 
Surf City borough . 
Tenally borough 
'I'olowa borough 
Trent on city . 
I'liilerclilf borough 
Union lown . 
I'pjier Saddle River bori 
\'ailsbnrg borough . 
N'ineland borough . 
W.'illinglon borough 
Washington borough 
Weiionah borough. 
West Cape May borougl 
^Vest Hoboken lown 
West New York town 
West Orange tciwn . 
Westwood borough 
Wild wood borough 
Wooilbury city 
WuoilclilT borough . 
Wood ridge borough 
Woodstown borough 



1900. 
Population. 

105,171 

771 

1,826 

733 

17,699 

10.053 

15.369 

3,182 



74() 

847 
3,069 
3,399 
7.935 
3.344 
5,428 

584 
3,685 

.561 
1,332 
1,483 

354 
1,652 
4,411 

415 
5.811 
1,198 

340 

73 

1,630 

30S 

4.843 

6.349 

09 

883 

14 

4. 608 

3,793 

526 

590 

5,302 

9 

1,74(1 

563 

73,307 

1.O06 

15 1,S7 

336 
3.779 
4.370 
1,812 
3,.580 

498 

696 

33,094 

5 367 

6,889 

828 

150 
4,087 

339 

583 
1,371 



ngli 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



014 205 830 3 i 

1 




